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On the home front, the presidency of George W. Bush has caused numerous social and economic problems. While the controversies over abortion and same-sex marriages aren't fresh, Bush uses "faith-based initiative" to justify his presidential actions. Although the Constitution makes clear the right of the people to choose and practice their own religion without government interference, the Bush administration made clear their support of the Christian religion above other religions by disbursing over $1.1 billion to Christian groups for community service purposes. However, no regulations were set on how the groups could spend the money. Furthermore, no Jewish or Muslim groups received funds (Kitty 615).
When controversy arose over same-sex marriages, Bush, once again, used his faith in an attempt to amend to constitution. He supported the Defense of Marriage
Act, which would prevent federal recognition of same-sex marriage and allow states to
ignore same-sex licenses from outside their borders. President Bush said that "the union of a man and woman...is encouraged by every religious faith." Bush's comments on gay marriage were condemned by the Democratic Party as a way to write discrimination into the Constitution.
Bush also used his personal beliefs in an attempt to make abortion illegal. This is also in conflict of separation of church and state. Bush, being extremely pro-life, made third-trimester and partial-birth abortions illegal in November 2003. He also decided to block U.S. funds to international family planning groups that offer abortion and abortion counseling. The administration has also denied $34 million annually for the U.N. Population Fund. The fund provides birth control, maternal and child health care, and HIV/AIDS prevention services for women in some of the world's most impoverished regions. It did not provide money for abortion. It is estimated that this funding could have prevented 2 million unwanted pregnancies, 800,000 induced abortions and 4,700 maternal deaths, as well as 77,000 infant and child deaths each year.
On an even more important issue, education, Bush has failed to make progress. After his election he signed the No Child Left Behind Act on January 8th of 2002 and since then, then bill has been horribly underfunded. The Congressional Republicans at that time refused to fund No Child Left Behind at the levels they originally agreed to, preventing teachers and schools from realizing the goals established in this law. To date, nearly $27 billion has been withheld from America's public education system, and West Virginia alone did not get $66 million in public school funding in 2006 promised by Congress and the President. In fact, every single state in America has had promised funds withheld.
During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. enjoyed economic stability. Unemployment decreased steadily, and when Clinton left office the U.S. has a budget surplus of $200 billion. Thanks to Bush and the Iraqi War, the U.S. is now in debt eight trillion dollars (Hall). In addition, the stock market is declining daily. Enron, an energy company backed by Republicans, suffered the largest bankruptcy in American history. Thousands of workers lost their 401(k) savings due to this collapse (The End of Enron).
Inflation is also a major problem affecting America since the beginning of the Bush Administration. This isn't directly because of any act passed by President Bush. This is because of, not only the decline in the economy, but also because of extreme amount of money Bush has spent on the "War on Terrorism". These two occurrences have forced American business into increasing their prices just to make the margin of profit as they did before the inauguration of Bush. The U.S. has run up a foreign debt so extensive that it is actually affecting the balance of the global economy. The United States' net financial obligations to the rest of the world could be equal to 40 percent of its total economy within a few years (Becker and Andrews).
There has also been inflation in the price of gasoline. This is not only because of the natural inflation of our economy, but also because of the war in the Middle East. About half of the United States' oil comes from countries in the Middle East which are part of OPEC (U.S. Energy Policy). Gasoline prices rose sharply at the beginning of the Iraqi invasion and have continued to fluctuate since then. The prices can rise and fall at drastic rates of 30 cents a day. After the government's blunder of Hurricane Katrina, the price of gas soared to an astonishing amount of $3.29 per gallon.
When President Clinton left office, the United States was revered throughout the world. Now, we are viewed as one of the most arrogant nations. Not only does Bush have job-approval ratings south of 40% in the U.S., he also faces international hecklers. At a summit in an Argentine resort, Bush's presence set off protest marches and even anti-free-trade demonstrations (Fineman 29). In addition, several million people took to the streets of Europe on February 15, 2003 to protest the U.S. invasion of Iraq (Kitty 630).
The fact that President Bush disregarded the U.N. decision of going to Iraq placed a rift between the U.S. and the U.N. The U.N. was unsure about going to war because their policy is to only attack a country if it is an immediate threat. The U.S. government argued that Hussein supported terrorist organizations and was concealing illegal weapons programs. The United States pressed for military action, while Security Council members, such as France, Germany, and Russia, argued for more time to seek a diplomatic solution. The U.S. and U.N. failed to reach an agreement, and a U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq without the backing of the council (International Relations). Not only has Bush received negative feedback because of the Iraqi War; he has also has faced criticism on his immigration policy. What Bush proposes is to return illegal immigrants back to their hometown instead of just across the border. This solution does not solve the problem. The economy in Mexico is too poor for these immigrants to stay there. As a superpower, we have a responsibility to help poverty-stricken nations. Also, Bush is in support of a temporary worker program. The temporary worker program would allow employers in the U.S. to employ immigrants from Mexico. In theory, it is a good idea. It would give immigrants a chance to get on their feet and would also help American business. However, what Bush is overlooking is that employers love cheap labor. So do consumers, as long as it leads to cheaper prices and does not compete directly for their own jobs.
In addition to poverty in Mexico, there is also a genocide occurring in Sudan. Sudan is one of the seven countries that the U.N. says supports terrorism. Pro-government Arab militias have forced more than one million Africans from their homes and killed thousands. In 2004 Bush said that "We made our position clear to the Sudanese government-they must stop Janjaweed violence, they must provide access to humanitarian relief for the people who suffer". However, Colin Powell and Kofi Annan have said they have not seen enough evidence to convince them there is a genocide in Darfur though there have been 30 to 40 mass graves discovered (Darfur Genocide). Therefore, nothing has been done by the U.N. or The U.S. to stop this atrocity. Though the suffering in Sudan is not directly linked to anything Bush has done, the continuation of it does reflect on what he hasn't done. Through all of this, the American public has
learned very little about Sudan and its people. Again, as a world power, the United States should take action to stop this genocide.
Possibly the biggest criticism of President Bush is how he handled the 9/11 attacks and the Iraqi War. Immediately after the 9/11 attacks, President Bush opted to go into hiding instead of returning to his place at the White House as most Presidents have in a time of crisis. In addition, President Bush didn't visit Ground Zero for three days after the attacks. On September 14 he finally found the courage to step foot on the scene. (Kitty 625).
Bush, during his press conference, gave a speech about how he was going to handle his foreign policy after the attacks on the World Trade Center. He then claimed there would be a "War on Terrorism". This so-called "war" was not only vague in description but also left many Americans questioning what the "War on Terrorism" was going to consist of. The answer came quickly: not only an infiltration on Iraq but also the hunting of the Al Queda throughout the Middle East.
The next plan of action was to send American soldiers over to Afghanistan to stop the Al Queda network. This group was led by a very rich and powerful man named Osama Bin-Laden. Bin-Laden is the head of anti-capitalist and anti-American movements in the Middle East (Who is Osama Bin Laden?). Days after the attacks of 9/11 he had a video on cable in possibly Qandahar, Afghanistan praising and congratulating the men who had hijacked the planes that were crashed. He then began to encourage other citizens of Afghanistan to follow in their footsteps because this war against America was a Jihad,
or Holy War. In Jihad, if a Muslim shall be a martyr for their religious beliefs they and their family shall be granted a place in heaven beside Muhammad. Also, the families were paid handsomely for the martyrdom of their family member. (Zimbardo 17). This encouraged many Muslims to follow in the 9/11 terrorists footsteps. Many suicide bombers came to Iraq for the sole purpose of kill American troops. This video also confirmed that Bin-Laden was responsible for the loss of over 2000 American lives and produced a face for Americans to hate.
After a grueling stay in Afghanistan and the evasion on Bin-Laden from the American military, Bush decided to move troops to Iraq to catch Osama Bin-Laden and bring down the Saddam Hussein regimen. The Bush administration believed that Hussein
was aiding Bin-Laden in the terrorist attacks, and also that Hussein was concealing Weapons of Mass Destruction, or WMD. After the Persian Gulf war of 1991, Iraq was ordered to destroy all WMD and to allow periodical checks. In 1998 Iraq stopped allowing the periodical checks and then let them continue again in 2002. When the American military invaded Iraq to look for weapons, they found nothing (Persian Gulf War of 2003).
Bush managed to overthrow the Hussein regime, but for what cost? The monetary cost of his "war on terrorism" has placed the U.S. in substantial debt and has indirectly thrown the United States economy into inflation. Bush has admitted that the information he received was incorrect and insufficient but he still does not regret invading Iraq. In addition to the monetary amount the war has cost, there have been thousands of soldiers killed. The soldiers were improperly armed. Just 1 in 8 HUMVEE'S in Iraq are more heavily armored than those with vinyl roofs and doors. (Gordon, C.). Bush severely underestimated the cost of war and assumed that other nations would aid the U.S. (Bush Underestimating Cost of Iraqi War). This assumption proved to be wrong and cost the U.S. greatly in money and in soldiers.
Because of the social, economic, foreign, and military problems Bush has either caused or furthered, the American public is starting to view him as a most inept president who deserves to be impeached. The long-term ramifications of his presidency will linger for years and what America needs is a President who has public opinion in mind; someone who is not arrogant, war-oriented, and woefully ignorant. A President who will govern to end poverty and promote peace, not violence and above everything, a President who wants more than to just get his picture in a history textbook.
Works Cited
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"Darfur Genocide" BBC News 23 July 2004. 16 Dec. 2005
Fineman, Howard. "Can We Go Home Now?" Newsweek 146 (14 Nov. 2005): 29
Gordon, Craig. "Vulnerable HUMVEES" The Boston Globe 18 Dec. 2003. 29 Oct 2005
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Zimbardo, Phillip G. "The Psychology of Power and Evil" Stanford University Psychology Dept. 7 Jan. 2006. pg. 17